Homonymous quadrantanopia associated with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome

Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) are life-threatening acute metabolic complications of diabetes mellitus. Although there are some important differences, the pathophysiology, the presenting clinical challenge, and the treatment of these metabolic derangements are similar. Each of these complications can be seen in type 1 or type 2 diabetes, al...

Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome

(a) History: Most patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) will have a history of diabetes, and a history of altered insulin dose, infection, signifi cant medical “stress”. Antecedent symptoms of polyuria and polydipsia, lassitude, blurred vision, and mental status changes may predominate the clinical picture. With DKA, abdominal pain and tachypne...

Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State.

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state is a life-threatening emergency manifested by marked elevation of blood glucose and hyperosmolarity with little or no ketosis. Although there are multiple precipitating causes, underlying infections are the most common. Other causes include certain medications, nonadherence to therapy, undiagnosed diabetes mellitus, substance abuse, and coexisting disease. In ch...

Traumatic vertebral artery dissection presenting with incomplete congruous homonymous quadrantanopia

BACKGROUND To describe a rare presentation of vertebral artery dissection (VAD) as a small but congruous incomplete homonymous hemianopia demonstrating use of visual field testing in the diagnosis. CASE PRESENTATION A 30 year old woman had been unwell for 4 months with difficulty focusing, vertigo, dizziness and a feeling of falling to the right. A small but congruous right inferior homonymou...